The Development of KPH (Forest Mangement Integration)

Summary
The Development of KPH (Forest Mangement Integration) in South Kalimantan
By KARTA SIRANG and AHMAD JAUHARI

As we all know, most of the forest condition either the total area or the quality of the forest have been degraded. The need of land use for other purposes (Agriculture, plantation, residence,etc) is getting intense. Additionally, many people and officials think that unvegetated land in the forest area can be utilised for other non-forest benefits or even, many still do not comprehend what forest area means. Actually, the unvegetated land should be rehabilitated, not for other uses. The remaining area of the forest has been cleared away and as a result the quality is decreasing. The development of KPH is expected to be a program that can sustain the forest area and the quality of the forest itself.

A.Forest Development is a mandate of life and a mandate of law
The fact shows that many people or even Govenrnment officers still do not really understand the role of forest in life. Forest has many functions:
1.Forest as a giant sponge that function to filter the rain water to be clean water; if forest is located along a river, the water of the river will be clean.
2.Forest as the flood control through the increase of infiltration and the decrease of surface flow.
3.Forest can maintain environment cooling rate through the evapotranpiration process.
4.Forest as the factory of O2, this gas is needed by all living creatures around the world.
5.Forest as the absorber of CO2 and carbon hoarder in order to reduce the greenhouse effect (Global warming) in the atmosphere.
6.Forest as an income resource, tourism object and nature reserve.

If we do not want to have our equatorial area in Indonesia to be dessert just like what happened in Africa, all Indonesian people especially all policy makers should understand the function of the forest not only as the source of income but also as life control. If the forest areas are bare, reforestation should be undertaken; replanting by using other kinds of plants is not recommended. Natural disasters that occur in many places are considered natural since we do not pay attention the law that we have stipulated. We can see that almost all watersheds (DAS) do not have enough forests as required by the following rules.
Law No 41 of 1999 on Forestry Chapter 18 verse 2; Government Rule No. 44 of 2004 chapter 33 verse 1; Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning chapter 17 verse 5 require that the total area of the forest that should be maintained at least 30 % (thirty percent) of the total area of watershed and or island with a proportional scaterring.

B.The role of KPH in Sustainable Forest Development
Government Rules No. 5 of 2007 chapter 1; KPH is forest mangement area according to its main function and objectives which can be managed efficently and sustainably. The Head of KPH is a leader, some one who has authority and and the one who is responsible in forest management in his or her area.
The development of KPH is a mandate of Law. KPH is the main instrument to reach Sustainable Forest Management
Some main weaknesses to reach Sustainable Forest Management are:
1.The absence of someone who is ready in all management aspects (Weak role of the institution in the sites)
2.The absence of clear boundary which is known and admitted by the community (unclear land status)
3.The absence of management in the sites
4.The management orientation only focuses on certain areas that produce wood

C.Institution of KPH manager
Government Law number 44 of 2004, chapter 32 verse 1. Organizing institution is establised in each Forest Management Unit. The organizing institution is responsible in the implementation of forest management that covers; Management planning; organizing; implementing; controlling and evaluating.
The procedure of the establishment of KPH is explained in Government Rule No 3 of 2008 chapter 8. The Minister stipulated the organizations of KPHP, KPHL, KPHP; The establishment of KPHL and KPHP is undertaken based on the proposal from the local government and technical considerations from the province.

D.Organizational Chart of KPH
Picture 1. The relationship between Forest Resources Spatial Structure and KPH Organization
Picture 2. The scheme of the relationship among KPH organization, organization that obtain benefits as well as Forestry Service.



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